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KMID : 0381120130350040483
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Genes and Genomics
2013 Volume.35 No. 4 p.483 ~ p.489
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Identification and characterization of transposable elements inserted into the coding sequences of horse genes
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Ahn Kung
Bae Jin-Han
Gim Jeong-An
Lee Ja-Rang
Jung Yi-Deun
Park Kyung-Do
Han Kyu-Dong
Cho Byung-Wook
Kim Heui-Soo
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Abstract
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Transposable elements (TEs) are repetitive sequences dispersed throughout mammalian genomes, and they occupy important genetic positions. TEs have been shown to have both harmful and beneficial effects such as exonization, polyadenylation, and/or altering transcription rates in various vertebrate genomes. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has yet considered the relationship between TEs and horse genes. In this study, we examined the contribution of TEs to the horse genome by collecting TEs inserted within mRNA genes. By screening the abundance, distribution, and orientation of TEs, we found that the majority of TE insertions belong to retroelements and DNA elements, most of which exist in the coding sequences of horse genes. In addition, the MIR, L1, L2, ERVL, and ERVL-MaLR subfamilies were found to be the most abundant in both non-LTR and LTR elements. Retroelements (LTRs, LINEs, and SINEs) among the TEs inserted in the coding sequences showed a preference for antisense orientation. The most pronounced imbalance in insertional orientation was observed in LINEs, which represent 40 % of all TEs in antisense orientation. Through these analyses, we identified that a total of 1310 TEs have been integrated into horse mRNA genes and small fractions of them have been exonized into coding sequences.
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KEYWORD
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Horse, Transposable elements (TEs), Retroelements, DNA elements
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